Research Papers by E LSEVIER

As membrane facilities increase in number and age, the need for membrane replacement has continued to be required. Membrane replacement requires careful planning and should involve computer modeling, membrane probing, membrane profiling and hydraulic evaluations to document modifications in plant pe

• B iofouling is a serious threat to economical operation of RO systems on bio-active water supplies. • A dvances in RO system design and cleaning p rocedures have resulted in limited improvement. • M odifying the chemistry at the surface of aromatic, thin film composite, polyamide m embranes can re

T he results clearly indicate that NF has a good c apacity to remove some pesticides from water. T he membrane material influences the percentage o f pesticides removal. T he presence of organic matter (humic acid) a nd inorganic matter (sulfates and chlorides) i mprove the elimination of some pesti

T he improvement in the flux as a result of o perating the plant in a cyclic model was s uccessfully predicted by the simple model. The m odifications applied to the model lead to p ermeation rates which were in close agreement w ith the experimental data for the considered f orcing functions, namel

W ith short term batch experiments, EPS cont ent and filterability o f activated sludge can be m anipulated. Changes in filterability can be m easured accurately with the filtration characteris ation unit. With the addition o f a simple carbon s ource the filterability o f the activated sludge deter

T he presented study demonstrates that the outlined modelling concept for membrane bioreactors could successfully be applied to describe the system behaviour of a pilot-scale wastewater t r e a t m e n t plant, e q u i p p e d with m e m b r a n e f iltration units. In particular, the model describi

Seawater desalination by reverse osmosis was studied as an alternative process for the production of fi'esh water to supply 20,000 m3/d of drinking and boiler feed water at the Badak natural gas liquefaction plant and community housing. Seawater resources will be taken offshore from the Bontang Sea