Research Papers by J.C. Schippers

The feasibility of ultra and microfiltration depends strongly on the achieved net flux. Direct treatment of surface water frequently results in low net fluxes and high cleaning frequencies. This is largely determined by the quality of the feed water and the mechanisms that determine the fouling and

In nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane systems 75–90% of the feed water is conversed to product, and as a consequence dissolved compounds are concentrated in the membrane concentrate. Subsequently, sparingly soluble inorganic compounds such as calcium carbonate and barium sulphate become sup