Research Papers by L.P. Wessels

To control NOM fouling, either NOM or hardness ions can be (partly) removed before membrane filtration. In this work, anion Fluidized Ion Exchange (FIX) is used to remove NOM from untreated surface water and cation FIX is used to remove calcium and magnesium ions from untreated surface water. The ef

Concentrate of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis installations is an increasing problem, especially for inland membrane installations. Introduction of membrane filtration in The Netherlands is severely hindered by the concentrate problem. Two approaches are viable for solving or reducing the concen