Research Papers by Lianfa Song

While removal efficiency of most components in water by RO membranes is very satisfactory, the removal of some trace elements such as boron by RO membranes, especially those with long service life, is relatively low. The interplay between pH and ionic strength is believed to be the key to understand

Membrane fouling is customarily indicated and measured by permeate decline at constant operating conditions. Although this method has been widely used for many years, it is inadequate for characterizing fouling development in modern full-scale RO processes. It has been demonstrated that in some full