Research Papers by M. Al-Shammiri

All MSF desalination plants have been operated at a top brine temperature below 120°C. That is because of sulfate scaling phenomena, which usually occurs when the temperature is higher than 120°C. This type of scaling is hard scale that cannot be removed easily by chemical or mechanical cleaning. In

The multi-effect distillation (MED) process is the oldest process in desalination. References and patents have existed since 1840, more than 150 years ago. Vertical tubes, horizontal tubes and different types of submerged tubes have been commercialized and were used until 1960 when multi- stage flas