Research Papers by Nidal Hilal

This study has investigated in a comparative fashion the effect of cations and polyelectrolytes on the characteristics and final properties of both synthetic and activated sludge. Synthetic sludge was prepared according to established procedures; activated sludge was produced in a lab-scale, continu

The solubility of carbon dioxide in different mixtures of aqueous solutions (normal water and different composition of saline water) has been determined at temperature of 25–90°C and pressure of 1–2 bar by using an experimental rig which has been designed to ensure proper contact between the CO2 gas

Whilst carbon dioxide is water soluble the system is somewhat complex and results in the presence of carbonate anions which interact with cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in seawater to form insoluble carbonates, especially at high temperatures. In multistage flash (MSF) desalination plants CO2

The efficiency of crossflow microfiltration processes is limited by membrane fouling and concentration polarization leading to permeate flux decline during operation. The experiments that were carried out in the laboratory were conducted to determine and investigate the performance, behaviour and th

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes are a relatively new class of membranes which have properties in between those of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes and reverse-osmosis (RO) ones. Their separation mechanisms involve both steric (sieving) effects and electrical (Donnan) effects. The significance of this me

In this paper, the implications of the so-called optimized NF membrane properties on the economic assessment as well as the process performance of NF membrane system will be discussed. The predictive model for NF membranes such as the Donnan-steric-pore model has been used in conjunction with an eco

Membrane filtration is used for separating oil from water and treating waste metal-working fluids. This work presents two different filtration systems and investigates the possibility of reusing their permeates. The first system consists of an ultrafiltration membrane (UF) followed by a nanofiltrati

Membrane bio(fouling) is the main problem during an operation of membrane elements for water treatment processes. In an attempt to reduce a bio(fouling) affinity, commercial polyvinilidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membranes (Millipore) were surface modified via photoinitiated graft polymerisa