Coagulation

Emergency water treatment approaches relying on coagulation vary from centralised modular and portable ‘‘kits’’ to ‘‘pointof-use’’ or ‘‘household’’ interventions. Typical coagulation practice in emergencies is reviewed in view of field constraints (e.g. equipment and resources) and contrasted with u

This study focused on reducing membrane fouling by adding different adsorbents (powder activated carbon (PAC), zeolite) or coagulants (polyamide, polyaluminum chloride) in a microfiltration process treating anaerobic digestion effluent. The results indicated that the magnitude of fouling reduction w

This study was performed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of dissolved organic carbons (DOC) in the effluents coming from a clinoptilolite amended activated sludge with regard to various sludge retention times (SRTs) singularly run or in combination with a coagulation process. First, four

The application of chitosan as the coagulant/flocculant in a microfiltration process of natural water has been evaluated. In order to study fouling effects, variations in permeation velocity of demineralized water were measured at the beginning and at the end of each microfiltration experiment. Expe

Membrane processes have been used as a key technology for water reclamation and reuse of secondary effluent discharged from municipal wastewater treatment plants. However, its extensive practices are limited due to membrane fouling. To control and manage the membrane fouling properly, pretreatment m

The behavior of various iron species (e.g. ferrous, prehydrolyzed(ph)-ferrous ion and ferric ion) as a coagulant and effects of inert mineral on the coagulation process combined with direct microfiltration (MF) membrane process was studied for humic acid (HA) removal. When 0.01 mM to 1 mM of the var

The effectiveness of ultrasonic irradiation on algae removal by coagulation was studied. Laboratory results suggest that ultrasonic treatment at 40 kHz and 60W for 15 s can improve algae coagulation removal by 12.4% as compared with direct coagulation. A photometric dispersion analyzer was employed

MF/UF has been recently applied as a pretreatment process due to its high removal efficiency of fouling matters in Reverse Osmosis (RO). This study evaluated the effect of coagulation on the performance of MF and UF for removal of particles with two kinds of membranes under various coagulant dose an

This work deals with the feasibility of an olive vegetation wastewater purification process consisting of two consecutive steps: coagulation followed by membrane separation. The target of this work was to reach a purification grade of the wastewater compatible with the limits for the discharge into

The influence of a coagulant type and operating parameters on crossflow microfiltration of aqueous dispersions of titanium dioxide was examined. Two types of coagulant for series of crossflow microfiltration experiments were used: inorganic * Al2(SO4)3 and organic * PRAESTOL. The experiments were ca