Concentration polarization

We systematically evaluated the effects of operating conditions on biofouling behaviors in reverse osmosis (RO) membrane processes. The biofouling experiment was performed by filtrating nutrient-containing feed water with a cross-flow cylindrical membrane cell through a circular polyamide RO membrane

This study explored the effect of increasing nanofiltration (NF) permeate recovery (RNF) by recirculation and dosage of chemicals on NF separation performance, concentration polarization (CP) and accumulation of scalingprone ion concentration on NF membrane surface. The related coupling effect on sea

• A simple model describing countercurrent single-pass electrodialysis is established. • Concentration distribution along the membrane is calculated. • Influence of concentration distribution on scaling risk is discussed. A simple model based on division of electrodialyzer into the elementary units a

Forward osmosis (FO) is an osmotic process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to effect separation of water from dissolved solutes by an osmotic pressure gradient. Unlike reverse osmosis (RO), FO does not require high pressure for separation, allowing low energy consumption to produce water. Howeve

Biofouling potential on NF membranes was investigated in terms of bacterial by-products (BBP) characterizations (e.g., effective diffusivity, zeta potential, and toxicity) and their transport phenomenon. Here, BBP were defined as organic matters derived from microorganisms, such as cell debris, solu

The performance of the submerged membrane filtration system was investigated under various aeration rate and membrane inclination. The teat solutions were the aqueous solutions of PMMA and dextran T500. Experimental results show that aeration enhanced the permeate flux of PMMA solution more signific

The influence of concentration polarization on the pervaporation and separation of VOCs/water mixtures through the PDMS membrane was investigated, using model equation based on the resistance-in-series concept in the boundary layer in feed adjacent to the membrane surface. Dichloromethane, chlorofor

The forward osmosis (FO) process potentially can be used as an alternative to traditional brine treatment technologies due to its low energy requirement. In this study, the feasibility of concentration of brine by the FO process was investigated using a laboratory-scale unit. An FO membrane and the

Removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) was carried out with different nanofiltration (NF) membranes for varying concentration and pH of the membrane feed solution. Two membranes were used for this investigation: one high rejection membrane (NFI) and the other a low rejection membrane (NFII). The perc

Electromembrane process yields can be enhanced by using pulsed electric field. Electrodialysis experiments carried out on brackish water solutions show that the same level of desalination can be reached faster under pulsed field conditions. A model based on the Nernst–Planck equations is developed t