Water treatment

Antiscalants have been used to inhibit the formation of scales and reduce the risk of membrane scaling. However, issues such as the increased of biofouling tendency and contradictory observations of organic fouling propensity under the influence of antiscalants have been reported by other researchers

• Experiments demonstrate the multifunctionality of shock electrodialysis. • Besides deionization and filtration, nanoparticles can be separated by charge. • Bacteria in the feedwater are either filtered or killed by large electric fields.

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a pressure driven membrane process which has been widely applied and recognized as the leading technology of desalination process. Improvement in RO technology including advanced membrane material, module and process design, and energy recovery has led to cost reduction which

Conventional processes involved in water treatment, either in water treatment plants or reverse osmosis desalination plants, have encountered several obstacles that have severely affected their performances and efficiencies. Pollution of natural water resources, increasing demand and overuse of clean

This paper introduces a process synthesis strategy and optimization approach that accounts for boron removal considerations in Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) network design. The overall aim is to provide an improved understating of the performance of SWRO networks when specific requirements on boron

Although current microbial risk assessment models assume that microorganisms are randomly dispersed within drinking water samples, experimental findings indicate that ‘clumping’ or clustering of microorganisms is possible. Research results indicate clustering is positively correlated with turbidity.

Emergency water treatment approaches relying on coagulation vary from centralised modular and portable ‘‘kits’’ to ‘‘pointof-use’’ or ‘‘household’’ interventions. Typical coagulation practice in emergencies is reviewed in view of field constraints (e.g. equipment and resources) and contrasted with u

A bench scale RO process simulator was operated in a batch concentration mode to determine the effects of product water recovery and feed water temperature on flux, rejection, and inorganic fouling by gypsum scale formation for simulated brackish water. As feed water temperature increased, salt reje

An electrodialysis operation was performed to remove total dissolved solids (TDS) from polymer-flooding wastewater. The influence of flow rate and electrical potential on rate of TDS removal was studied during ! electrodialysis operation. Removal rate of the main ions in polymer-flooding wastewater

The study shows the results of studies concerning the hydraulic permeability of ultrafiltration and hybrid in-line coagulation–UF (without sedimentation) systems during the treatment of water containing higher concentrations of organic matter. The calculation of UF permeability was made employing a