Biofouling

The composition and structure of membrane biofouling in water treatment can be studied using specific stains (fluorochromes) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). An image analysis program (CMem) has been developed to quantify parameters describing the biofilm structure on curved membrane s

Biofouling potential on NF membranes was investigated in terms of bacterial by-products (BBP) characterizations (e.g., effective diffusivity, zeta potential, and toxicity) and their transport phenomenon. Here, BBP were defined as organic matters derived from microorganisms, such as cell debris, solu

The experimental or theoretical method that can visualize or quantify the architecture of bio-cake formed on the surface of membrane is of great interest in understanding biofouling mechanisms, also controlling biofouling in a membrane bioreactor (MBR). This paper summarizes the methods for determin

Access to safe drinkable water is a basic human right and an international goal. Since 1996, AQUAPOT international project, has researched and developed low cost, easy to use and effective water treatment technologies able to be used in developing countries. Recently, the project has carried out the

Bio-fouling is the principal problem met with membrane filtration in biological suspensions treatment, in particular in the case of membranes made of sintered clay which have a low resistance to chemical washing; we are interesting, in this work, to the bioadhesion which is the cause. At first, by t

Biofouling affinity of four thin film membranes was evaluated under quiescent conditions by exposing the membrane to the effluent from a membrane bioreactor. Coupons of the thin film membranes were left for 5 days in the bioreactor effluent which was filtered through a 0.2 micron filter. The surface

Concentration polarization and membrane fouling have limited the efficiency of reverse osmosis. Rotating filtration may minimize the effects of concentration polarization and membrane fouling by increasing the shear at the membrane surface. A second-generation high-pressure rotating reverse osmosis

Fouling layer formation in membrane processes and the role of bacteria in it were investigated using rRNA-targeted fluorescently labelled oligonucleotides. In a laboratory-scale flat-channel test unit, nano- and ultrafiltration of an oligotrophic reservoir water were performed. The bacterial composi

Good characterization of raw water quality and subsequent identification of the most appropriate pre-treatment are not sufficient to ensure successful functioning of a reverse osmosis plant. The Tan Tan demineralization plant was set up in July 2003 for 20 l/s production capacity. The brackish water

Membrane bio(fouling) is the main problem during an operation of membrane elements for water treatment processes. In an attempt to reduce a bio(fouling) affinity, commercial polyvinilidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membranes (Millipore) were surface modified via photoinitiated graft polymerisa