Brackish water

The direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process was applied for water desalination. The main objective was to study the heat and mass transfer of the process. The experiments were performed on a DCMD unit using a flatsheet PVDF membrane with a pore size of 0.22 µm. Feed solutions were aqueou

This paper considers the optimal design and operation of electrodialysis (ED) desalination plants. In general an ED plant aims to produce potable water from a high salinity source, like brackish water or high salinity water. The system is modelled mathematically as mixed-integer non-linear programmi

Reverse osmosis (RO) has become increasingly attractive for brackish water desalination in the Gaza strip, due to its low energy requirements. This paper will focus on the technical and economic aspects of RO brackish water desalination plants in operation in Gaza. Moreover, contribution of the esti

a process flow sheet and a plan view are given. A preliminary study on further R&D actions and possible measures to enhance plant economy are also discussed.

Composite cellulose acetate (CA) based membranes having a hydrophobic top layer made of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) were prepared with the aim of desalination of brackish waters from the Sahel region of Tunisia having a total dissolved salt content (TDS) of about 4100 g.m–3. The porous substructu

Membrane technology is widely accepted as a means of producing various qualities of water from surface water, well water, brackish water and seawater. Membrane technology is also used in industrial processes and in industrial wastewater treatment, and lately membrane technology has moved into the ar

This paper reviews three ways in which existing brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) desalination plants can be modified to increase overall water recovery from the 70–75% range to the 90–95% range. The three techniques used to increase plant recovery are: (i) seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) for wa

This paper presents the development of a new process to desalinate seawater using solar energy. By the proposed process, the solar energy heats airflow up to a temperature between 50 and 80°C. The moderate solar heated air will be humidified by injecting seawater into the air stream. Later on, the w

Fresh water supply to some remote desert areas in Egypt represents one of the major constraint to development of such areas. The current conventional water supply to remote communities includes pipelines and transportation means such as trucks. However, such methods seem to be very expensive, especi

Le bassin versant de l’Oued Tafna est formé par les reliefs et des zones déprimées, qui s’alternent du Nord au Sud et dont le volume augmente considérablement dans le même sens. Le réseau hydrographique a un tracé général orthogonal même si la Tafna et ses principaux affluents décrivent sinuosité et