Cleaning

Membrane fouling is a frequent problem in most seawater reverse osmosis units, particularly when raw water is drawn from an open sea intake. Membranes tend to foul slowly, which makes it necessary to perform periodic cleanings with physical and chemical products, which in turn produce a decrease in

The need for good-quality water in Cyprus continues to be the driving force for the use of reverse osmosis to desalinate brackish water and seawater for irrigation and potable use. Much work continues both to optimize the process designs for new plants and to refine the operation of existing ones. T

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) and the Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW) collaborated over the past 15 years in developing and adapting the seawater reverse osmosis (RO) technology to the Gulf seawater conditions (one and half time the salinity of open seas and large temperatu

Membrane technology has become of great interest for treatment of different water feeds including seawater. Depending on the membrane type, materials in the feed and process conditions the membrane will lose its performance during time. Fouling is the most important problem associated with the appli

The paper presents the latest developments and field experiences made with the large area, high rejection FILMTEC SW30HR-380 and SW30HR-320 membrane elements and focuses on technical-economical considerations with special emphasis on energy consumption and possible operational savings. Fouling inci

This paper deals with an innovative membrane configuration developed by Inge AG combining the advantages of hollow fibres and flat sheet membranes that could permit energy savings by reducing the membrane air. This study was performed within the framework of the European AMEDEUS project. Inge develo