Desalination

We demonstrate the immobilization of graphene oxide on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane surface for desalination via direct contact membrane distillation. The graphene oxide immobilized membrane significantly enhanced the overall permeate flux with complete salt rejection, and the flux reached as

Biofouling impacts seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants by hindering module performance, increasing energetic demands, and incurring further costs. Here we investigated the spatial–temporal dynamics of microbial communities along the feedwater, pretreatment, and reverse osmosis stages

• A simplified membrane distillation coefficient calculation method is validated. • A stepwise modeling approach is shown to accurately model large-scale DCMD membrane modules. • A new spacer modeling method accounts for woven spacers with complex geometries. • Distribution of water flux, temperature a

Kinetics of surface water desalination by neutralization dialysis (ND) was studied in a three-compartment stack with ion-exchange membranes, and the process feasibility was evaluated. The pH and the ionic conductivity of a model saline solution (0.02 M NaCl) were measured during different ND operati

• Review of processes for desalination by freeze concentration • Developments in freeze concentration methodologies in food, wastewater and desalination industries • RO-freeze desalination hybrid process In this paper the freeze concentration process and its characteristics have been described. Even

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a pressure driven membrane process which has been widely applied and recognized as the leading technology of desalination process. Improvement in RO technology including advanced membrane material, module and process design, and energy recovery has led to cost reduction which

Despite the tremendous improvements in conventional desalination technologies, its wide use is still limited due primarily to high energy requirements which are currently met with expensive fossil fuels. The use of alternative energy sources is essential to meet the growing demand for water desalina

Access to clean water resource continues to be the most urgent and pressing global issue where hiking economic and ecological needs have urged for more water-efficient technologies. Membrane-based separations for desalination are playing an increasingly important role to provide adequate water resour

Multi-effects evaporation with thermal vapor compression (MEE-TVC) is one of the most effective desalination method in which the TVC plays a main role with consideration of energy consumption. In this paper, the steady- state mathematical model of MEE-TVC based on LINGO algor ithm is developed and i

The current study highlights the advancement in Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) process and covers most recent development in the process applications. The first application of PRO process goes back to 1973 by Sidney Loeb who suggested using the concept of osmotic energy for power generation. In prin