RO

A high-velocity double-chamber bed (HDCB) is a new type demineralizer whose flow velocity can exceed 40 m/h. This paper analyses the six factors that influence operational resistance and points out that the theoretical flow velocity of the HDCB can surpass 40 m/h by increasing the diameter of resins

A development program of a small-scale desalination unit, formerly designed and manufactured, was adopted to reduce the production cost of water and minimize the deviation in the water characteristics. Process design and full engineering were performed; the system was manufactured locally. It was op

This paper deals with systems and equipment to put onboard ships meant for water desalting. The ship is rigged to work offshore, either slowly sailing or, usually, being afloat motionless. The ship is a slightly modified liquid gas carrier. Of course, it also holds both modular and dismountable seaw

Two major techniques are commercially used in different parts of the world: distillation and membrane processes. The dominant distillation process is multi-stage flash (MSF), and the main membrane process is reverse osmosis (RO). Although cost factors vary by site, the total cost of producing potabl

The tap water is often used as water source for different industries, however, the water repurification is required to meet the specification of technology. The effect of application of ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO) and membrane distillation (MD) processes on the qu

A performance of an energy-efficient reverse osmosis (RO) system for seawater desalination was evaluated. The evaluation focused on energy saving performance of the RO system. The strategy adopted was to induce high recovery (50%) through the pressure increase. For this purpose, a pilot-scale RO pla

In the early 1970s, Mekorot was among the first to investigate and actually implement the RO process as an alternative to the much higher energy-intensive and more expensive thermal processes. Mekorot, assisted by Israeli universities and in cooperation with leading membrane manufacturers and other

In this paper, long-term operational data from a medium scale RO plant based on brackish water FilmTec spiral wound RO membranes are presented and analysed. It was found that over a period of 500 days of continuous operation, the water permeability coefficient for the overall plant decreased by abou

CEDEX (Centro de Estudios y Experimentacion de Obras Publicas) and EMALSA (Empresa Mixta de Aguas de Las Palmas, S.A. ) had been performing experimental tests for seawater desalination at Las Palmas, Gran Canaria Is., Spain, using a TOYOBO hollow-fiber membrane. A Hollosep HM10255FI module made by T