Water quality

The emphasis on increased reuse of drainage water for irrigation is essential as Egypt expands its agricultural base to meet the food requirements for rapidly population growth rate. The Government of Egypt implemented El-Salaam Canal project to reuse drainage water, to create new communities along

EU Directive 98/83, which aims at achieving beneficial effects in the quality of water and in public health, has set standards for water intended for human consumption, monitoring requirements of the new standards, and strategies to take remedial action to address failures. The incorporation of the

Two different procedures, respectively aiming at the best allocation and managing of disinfection stations along water distribution systems, are presented, with the main objective of proposing a criterion to limit chlorine and disinfection by-product concentrations in the drinking water supplied to

Among the European Union Directives enacted on water management and environmental protection, Directive 98/83/EC defines the mandatory quality standards for water intended for human consumption in order to protect human health. The implementation of this Directive has often encountered delays due to

Reverse osmosis (RO) has become increasingly attractive for brackish water desalination in the Gaza strip, due to its low energy requirements. This paper will focus on the technical and economic aspects of RO brackish water desalination plants in operation in Gaza. Moreover, contribution of the esti

The reasoning behind the exploitation of water resources up to now assumed the abundance of this resource and has followed a different model from that adopted for the exploitation of other natural resources such as mineral deposits. It is presumed that water is of more or less uniform chemical compo

The water resources of Kuwait are limited to desalinated water to meet the requirements for all freshwater needs, unreplenishable brackish water as a supplementary source for blending and agriculture, and municipal wastewater which is treated and mainly discarded to the sea. Limited quantities of th