Reverse osmosis

Desalination is an energy intensive process. All seawater desalting processes, multi-stage flash (MSF), multieffect boiling (MEB), and seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) consume significant amounts of energy. In view of the rising fuel costs, US$75 per barrel of oil, the amount and cost of fuel consume

Major municipal wastewater reclamation plants in California, USA, Singapore, and many built or planned for other regions of the world use the high pathogen reduction properties of microfiltration/ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membranes followed by reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Operational experiences in

The retention of 8 acidic and 2 neutral pharmaceuticals in nanofiltration (NF) was investigated by a loose NF membrane and a tight NF membrane. The retention change due to the exposure to chlorine was studied. The retention of pharmaceuticals was affected by the electric repulsion effect in addition

Laboratory experiments and model calculations were performed to elucidate the fundamental interactions that control organic fouling in reverse osmosis (RO) processes. Bovine serum albumin and alginic acid were selected as model aquatic organic macromolecules (organic foulants). An extended Derjaguin

A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the quality of the effluent of an enhanced tertiary treatment process consisting of MBR/RO or MF/RO units and explore the feasibility of reclamation of treated effluent for potable and non-potable reuse applications. The performance of both the MBR/RO and MF/R

A wind-driven reverse osmosis system for aquaculture wastewater treatment, developed at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, was tested at the experimental facilities on Coconut Island, Oahu, Hawaii. With this technology, a fish tank becomes a closed aquaculture production system with zero waste disch

Intense treatment of feed water solves high demands on a demineralized water quality in the processes involving hot water/steam boilers. There are various demands on water quality parameters — its hardness, alkalinity, pH value, carbon dioxide and oxygen content, etc. — according to the type of boil

A mass transfer coefficient determination method, based on the velocity variation method, is developed for pressure-driven membrane modules with large membrane area and high recovery rates. The method was used to measure mass transfer coefficients in the nanofiltration spiral-wound module Filmtec NF

The Javea desalination plant on the Mediterranean coast of Spain, currently has a production capacity of 28,000 m3/d of desalinated water and in the coming years that capacity will rise to 42,000 m3/d. From a technical point of view, the design of the plant is conventional, however the method of bri

Water desalination processes have contributed to a better standard of living in a number of countries during the second half of the 20th century, following an increase in water demand for drinking purposes as well as industrial and agricultural uses. However, the technologies used in water desalinat