Concentration polarization

A process for recovery heavy metals — Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) — from industrial wastewaters has been studied. This process is called PSU (Polymer Supported Ultrafiltration), and includes complexation of metallic ions with polymers (polyethyleneimine — PEI, or poly(acrylic) acid — PAA), in

In this paper the relationship between liquid velocity and the concentration of components in the premeate is described for capillary nanofiltration (NF) membranes. Capillary NF combines the advantages of NF — good retention of bivalent ions and DOC — with the advantages of capillary membranes — rob