Membranes

Flocculation of yeast cells prior to microfiltration leads to improved permeate flux. A number of commercially available cationic polyacrylamides from Cytec Industries (Stamford, CT, USA) were tested. These flocculants had different molecular weights and charge densities. The optimum flocculant dose

New mineral membranes made of sintered clay were performed and characterized in terms of porosity, hydraulic resistance, pore diameter and mechanical resistance. These membranes can be used as microfiltration membranes. The variations of the filtrate flux as a function of time are measured during cr

Mixed matrix membranes of 6FDA-6FpDA-DABA, a glassy polyimide, and modified zeolites (ZSM-2) were successfully fabricated using the procedure outlined in this paper. The membranes were cast from solution and then exposed to different gases for the purpose of determining and comparing the diffusivity

Recent study has revealed that when the nucleation takes place by adding compatible particles in Nylon 6 medium, it is possible to change greatly the nucleation intensity and the growing speed of crystallites. The present work demonstrates the employment of compatible PPO which was prepared by react

The objective of the present study was to analyze and model concentration polarization in spiral-wound seawater membrane elements. In particular, the influence of feed temperature, salinity and flow rate on permeate flow and salinity was evaluated. Membrane lifetime and permeate fluxes are primarily

Solutions of polysulfone in certain solvents can become cloudy due to a slight and partial precipitation of a cyclic oligomer, which has been characterized to be crystalline cyclic dimer of polysulfone containing two repeat units of polysulfone. This precipitation has been a source of manufacturing

The paper presents the latest developments and field experiences made with the large area, high rejection FilmTec** SW30HR-380 and SW30HR-320 membrane elements and focuses on technical-economical considerations with special emphasis on energy consumption and possible operational savings. Fouling in

Membrane technology has become of great interest for treatment of different water feeds including seawater. Depending on the membrane type, materials in the feed and process conditions the membrane will lose its performance during time. Fouling is the most important problem associated with the appli

Integrated membrane systems (IMS) were pilot tested for treatment of a high TOC river water. Pretreatment methods included microfiltration, in-line coagulation–microfiltration, and coagulation–sedimentation–filtration. Fouling was minimized at lower flux, lower recovery and with the addition of a bi

In many arid regions of the world, the shortage of good quality feed-water is forcing plant owners either to run their membrane systems with undesirable levels of silica or to restrict recovery rates. High silica brines can cause severe and irreversible membrane fouling. Restricting recovery rates i