Nanofiltration

The aim of the present work is to establish a systematic approach in the range of characterization of commercial nanofiltration (NF) and low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) membranes materials for a better help to the users. We developed two sorts of characterizations: (i) first physico-chemicals in

Nanoporous titania membranes, with pore sizes ranging from 1 to several nm, were prepared by sol-gel processing and applied to permeation of hexane as a model nonaqueous solution system. TiO2 membranes showed a deceased hexane flux with an increase in water concentration, which was dissolved in hexa

The paper is an overview of the application of membrane processes to winemaking. The aim is to present both the application of membrane processes in winemaking and a general philosophy of their development from a process engineering point of view. Several examples illustrate this approach, in partic

Bench-scale dissolved air flotation (DAF) of Tagus River surface water (Valadas, Portugal) was investigated as pre-treatment for spiral-wound module nanofiltration (SWNF). Before the DAF, a coagulation/flocculation of the surface water was performed using aluminium sulphate, ferric chloride and chit

In this paper, a two-step membrane treatment for acidic rinsing water is described including project idea, laboratory tests, pilot plant experiments and finally plant construction. The task is to recover metal and sulphuric acid from rinsing water originating from the electro-zinc coating line at Sa

Pressure driven membrane processes are characterized by their low specific energy consumption. Since they constitute a mechanical separation without phase or temperature change, they are least energy intensive. This study focused on further energy reduction. Process industries (chemical, food, mecha

The demand for clean water is currently increasing because of the decreasing sources of drinking water the stringent environmental legislation and the rigorous quality demands. Nanofiltration may be a solution for the effective separation of anionic detergents from used water or wastewater. In this

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes retention depends on charge repulsion and size exclusion, combining the properties of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. The molecular weight cut-off of two NF membranes was determined using cross-flow filtration of different molecular weights of non-ionized

This work discusses the applicability of the DSPM with dielectric exclusion (DSPM-DE) to describe nitrate rejection of a high rejection nanofiltration membrane (NF90 from Dow-Filmtec). In particular, the limitations of the application of the model to relatively high feed concentration and different

Boron (B) is an important element which should be considered seriously for drinking water production. Boron removal from seawater using nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was investigated. Increase in salt concentration effects boron removal positively when RO membranes and negat