Optimization

This paper presents the results of an optimization study, based on minimum water cost, to explore the feasibility of the hybridization of RO and MSF processes. The study explores the possible improvement of MSF process economics. Nine different scenarios for the production of the same capacity of de

An optimization of the electrodialysis process and an estimation of its costs by the analysis of experimental results of model natrium chloride solutions was compared to the optimization and cost estimation made by using the convective-diffusion hydrodynamic model. A NaCl 0.02 M solution was desalin

While the fuel cost has increased in the past years, the desalinated water demand has also increased sharply, especially in the deserted areas. The challenge is to be able to meet such future demand, minimizing the water production costs. The desalination concepts have evolved, achieving substantial

This work outlines the development of a fault diagnostic system for a multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination plant using artificial neural networks (ANNs). This diagnostic system processes the plant data to determine whether the process state is normal or not. In the last case, the diagnostic system d

CFD simulations were used to determine mass transfer coefficients and power consumptions in channels filled with non-woven net spacers. The geometric parameters of a non-woven spacer were found to have a great influence on the performance of a spacer in terms of mass transfer enhancement and power c

A computational model has been developed for the simulation and optimization of the pervaporation process. This model involves solving coupled mass and energy balances, and chemical potential equations using a genetic algorithm. A visual, windows-based, user-friendly design software has been develop

This presentation gives methods by which ultrafiltration and crossflow microfiltration system designs can be developed and optimized when data are available relating flux rate and membrane rejection to concentration and to other parameters. System layouts considered include batch, single-stage feed-

Electrodialysis uses ion-exchange membranes to reduce the ionic content of water by applying an electrical field. An electrodialysis reversal (EDR) plant with two electrical stages, each with three hydraulic stages, was characterized over two ranges of salinity by desalting standard aqueous solution