Water reuse

During most water treatment processes, spent filter backwash water (SFBW) is generated. Reuse of SFBW is of concern because of the possible recycling of heavy metals, precursors for disinfection by-products and microorganisms. Innovations in membrane technology, especially in micro- and ultrafiltrat

T he application o f a combined UF and RO t reatment for the reuse o f spent filter backwash f rom treated swimming pool water is a suitable a nd environmentally friendly method for the r euse of water in swimming pools. Based on a f ull-scale study, membrane performance and the e ffects o f SFBW re

Intensive water-demanding industries require an effective management of water sources and wastes in order to implement as much recovery as possible with the quality standards of the production activity. Besides the application of good environmental practices pursued by the IPPC Directive, an optimal

In the present study the application of the nanofiltration process was investigated mainly in the retention of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) present in textile industry wastewater. Nanofiltration experiments were carried out in a pilot unit, operating in crossflow. Three different types of

In dairy plants the process waters generated during the starting, equilibrating, interrupting and rinsing steps contribute to the production of effluents. They correspond to milk products (milk, whey, cream) diluted with water without chemicals. The treatment of these dairy process waters by nanofil

Water in the South Mediterranean countries of the Arab region is inherently scarce as a result of naturally arid or semi-arid conditions. The population growth and economic development in the region have increased the demand for water which is expected to be doubled in the next 25 years. The increas

A milk factory sited at Boudouaou (40 km from Algiers) rejects a great quantity of effluent which contains soft whey. 8,000 l are treated twice a week and are rejected into a river which supplies drinking water to the town population. Some analyses have shown an increase in the water acidity and bot

The reuse of water coming from electrolysis manufactory effluents is studied by means of the electrodeionisation technique. A neutral water stream which contains small quantities of zinc, copper, cadmium and lead is treated. Results obtained by electrodialysis and ion exchange by resins are presente

The reuse of effluents for irrigation and indirect potable water uses is rapidly developing as an alternative to seawater desalination. This paper explores two membrane-based options available to treat sewage for water reuse, tertiary filtration (TF) of the effluent from a conventional activated slu

The wastewaters generated during the marble processing (cutting and grinding operations), the average flow rates of which are ca. 15 m3/h for a plant producing 45 m2 of polished marble/h, contain a high load of particulate matter. Furthermore, crushed stone operations sometimes use flotation agents,