Desalination

Water, a limited definite resource, vital for the very existence of life on earth and a necessity for economic and social development and for environment sustainability, is becoming a scarce commodity. This is caused by the population growth, the change of life style, water pollution caused by the h

La récente conférence de la Haye, sous l’égide du Conseil Mondial de l’Eau, a eu le mérite de rappeler avec insistance que la rareté de l’eau dans de vastes contrées du Monde a un caractère autant géophysique qu’économique: les investissements nécessaires pour renverser la tendance à la pénurie et m

Electrodialysis uses ion-exchange membranes to reduce the ionic content of water by applying an electrical field. An electrodialysis reversal (EDR) plant with two electrical stages, each with three hydraulic stages, was characterized over two ranges of salinity by desalting standard aqueous solution

The humidification–dehumidification process (HD) is an interesting technique adapted for water desalination when the demand is decentralized. This technique presents several advantages such as flexibility in capacity, moderate installation and operating costs, simplicity, possibility of using low te

A hybrid latent heat storage and spray flash evaporation system has been devised in an attempt to develop an energy saving desalination system that stores intermittent thermal energy such as waste heat, solar heat or heat from the surplus steam of a power station at night and utilizes the stored ene

In 1996, construction was started at Alicante University for a reverse osmosis desalination plant, which began operating in 1997. The water produced has been used for irrigation of the green zones of the campus. The plant was working discontinuously, during trial periods, and when regular supplies o

This work presents the energy and mass balance equations, the numerical simulation results for the production rate, and the experimental laboratory water tests for a thermal desalination unit with a heat recovery system. The system components are a solar collector and a desalination tower, although

A practical scale desalination system harnessing only solar energy as the heat source from solar collectors and the power source from solar cells is in operation at the Al Azhar University in Gaza. The unit was developed and manufactured by the Ebara Corporation (Tokyo) and the Water Research Center

This paper presents an alternative method for the quantification of the irreversible phenomena that characterize the flashing process in a stage of a MSF desalination plant, and that lead to an increase in the brine temperature of the flashing tank with respect to the ideal equilibrium conditions. T

The reasoning behind the exploitation of water resources up to now assumed the abundance of this resource and has followed a different model from that adopted for the exploitation of other natural resources such as mineral deposits. It is presumed that water is of more or less uniform chemical compo