Seawater

A small-scale seawater reverse-osmosis system with excellent energy efficiency is presented. The system promises to deliver up to 460 l/h of potable water, from seawater (at 40,000 ppm), while consuming less than 1600 W of electrical power. This represents a specific energy consumption of less than

In the present work, the supported liquid membrane (SLM) technique has been applied to the desalination of saline water. A simple apparatus designed and constructed in our lab was used to conduct the experiments. Various factors that would affect the degree of desalination were studied and these wer

Membrane technology is widely accepted as a means of producing various qualities of water from surface water, well water, brackish water and seawater. Membrane technology is also used in industrial processes and in industrial wastewater treatment, and lately membrane technology has moved into the ar

Tajura seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant with a capacity of 10,000 m3/d is the biggest RO plant in Libya. The plant is designed to produce high quality drinking and industrial water. The plant consists of a seawater intake, pretreatment, two stages of reverse osmosis membranes in two lines

Since the early 1980s, microfiltration and ultrafiltration have been widely used for drinking water applications. More recently, membranes have started to be used in membrane bioreactors or on secondary wastewater effluents for reuse application. Until recently, in desalination treatment plants seaw

This paper presents the development of a new process to desalinate seawater using solar energy. By the proposed process, the solar energy heats airflow up to a temperature between 50 and 80°C. The moderate solar heated air will be humidified by injecting seawater into the air stream. Later on, the w

An efficient cost-effective batteryless photovoltaic-powered seawater reverse-osmosis desalination system is described. The system has a modest 2.4 kWp photovoltaic array and yet promises to deliver 3 m3/d throughout the year in an example location in Eritrea, operating from borehole seawater (at 40

Wastewater is considered a major resource of the water budget in many countries around the world. This has necessitated the expansion of the applications in the industrial sector. This paper presents a feasibility study for 10,000 m3/d wastewater and seawater desalination plants in the UAE. The desa

This work deals with the selective demineralization of natural saltwaters by electrodialysis on specific membranes with the aim of preparing an “isotonic” water of blood plasma, i.e., of the same saline composition as blood, with potential applications in the field of health. Preliminary experiences

Thermal desalination plants consume large quantities of heat energy for seawater evaporation. In condensing water vapor procured in evaporators and cooling distillate, a major part of heat energy is lost in the environment. Heat energy in processes of condensation and evaporation in desalination of