Seawater desalination

A two-chamber hydraulic energy recovery unit with a programmable controller and a data acquisition system was set up. Tap water was used as the working fluid instead of the actual seawater and concentrate in SWRO desalination plants. Experimental results were obtained on the fluctuations of the pres

The development of small-scale stand-alone desalination systems is important to communities on islands and in isolated inland areas. In such places, electricity supplies are often expensive and unreliable, while the wind resource is abundant. The system presented here comprises a 2.2 kW wind turbine

The share of electrodialysis in seawater desalination is very small in contrast to reverse osmosis. It is stated that ED may compete with RO in the range of feed water salinity up to 8–10 g/L only because ED desalination cost is proportional to the amount of salt, which must be carried through the m

The nuclear heating reactor (NHR) is designed with a number of advanced and innovative features, including integrated arrangement, natural circulation, self-pressured performance, hydraulic control rod drive and a passive safety system. The engineering project feasibility of 200 MW(t) nuclear heatin

A performance of an energy-efficient reverse osmosis (RO) system for seawater desalination was evaluated. The evaluation focused on energy saving performance of the RO system. The strategy adopted was to induce high recovery (50%) through the pressure increase. For this purpose, a pilot-scale RO pla

Large-scale reverse osmosis (RO) plants with productions of the order of several cubic meters per day are extensively used throughout the world for water desalination. These systems, using electricity for running the high-pressure pumps, are among the ones with the lowest cost per cubic meter of wat

Pure water direct contact membrane distillation experiments were carried out. A model based on a dusty-gas model of gas transport through porous media showed good agreement with the experimental results over the entire range of feed temperatures and recirculation rates studied. The model was also us

It has been suggested that wavepower can be used for seawater desalination using unsteady incompressible duct flow to create the hydrostatic pressure for reverse osmosis [1]. This approach requires further investigation in a number of areas: the non-linear relationship between reverse osmosis recove

The innovative RODSS approach (Reverse Osmosis Deep Sea System — EU-DG XIII innovation project 1998– 2001) exploits seawater hydrostatic pressure at a depth of about 450 m below sea level. This presentation concerns the deployment and field tests of a small-production-capacity (10 m³/d) prototype de

This paper presents the main concepts and deliverables of the BOOT structure. It also summarizes current and foreseen BOOT desalination projects, which indicate their increasing role in the water desalination market. Finally, this paper includes a comparison of the life-cycle costs of three recent s