Research Abstracts

A comparison of many organic working fluids was made. Emphasis was given to the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle using each working fluid, as well as its environmental impact. The thermodynamic cycle consists of two stages: high temperature and low temperature. The maximum temperature of the fi

A mathematical model for the mass transfer in a parallel plate countercurrent dialysis system coupled with ultrafiltration operation was developed theoretically and experimentally in this study. The analytical solution was obtained using the Frobenius series method. The influences of retentate and d

As a means of optimizing desalination processes, site-specificity in the determination of seawater quality conditions is a crucial point for improving the overall energy efficiency of a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) process. To this end, field studies were carried out at 16 sampling sites along th

A membrane fouling index such as the silt density index (SDI) and modified fouling index (MFI) is an important parameter in design and operation of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane processes for desalination. Nevertheless, SDI and MFI often fail to predict actual membrane foulin

The significance of dissolved organic matter (DOMs) in membrane fouling has been also increasingly noted in desalination plants using reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF). Nevertheless, little information is available on the interactions between DOM and other foulants such as inorganic scale

The physiochemical properties of 17 widely used commercial RO and NF polyamide (PA) membranes were fully characterized by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, contact angle measurement, streaming potential analysis, and flux and rejection performance tests. The surface properti

The physiochemical properties of reserve osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) polyamide (PA) membranes are largely determined by their PA chemistry and coatings, if any. Knowledge on such inherent relationship is critically needed in advancing membrane technology. This paper presents a consistent an

The quality of effluent from urban wastewater destined for reuse was compared after treatment by a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a conventional activated sludge system followed by ultrafiltration (CAS-U). The study was carried out at pilot scale, using an MBR module equipped with hollow-fi

Membranes are widely used in wastewater treatment. In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) (Mw = 52,000) was mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) (Mw = 400) as an additive in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent. The phase inversion method was used for preparation of flat sheet membranes. Effects of CA

Adsorption of Reactive Blue 21 (RB21) onto fly ash (FA) and sepiolite from aqueous solutions was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the influences of experimental parameters such as initial dye concentration (100–750 mg/l), pH (2–8), adsorbent dosage (1–4 g/l) an