Research Abstracts

The reduction of energy consumption constitutes one of the major thrust areas of research in SWRO desalination process industries. The cost of energy in the SWRO process is usually about 30 to 50% of the total production cost of water and can be as much as 75% of the operating cost, depending on the

Sea water desalination plants discharge a concentrated brine effluent into coastal waters. Modern, large capacity plants require submerged discharges, in form of a negatively buoyant jet, that ensure a high dilution in order to minimize harmful impacts on the marine environment. Existing design prac

Membrane filtration has become firmly established as a primary technology for ensuring the purity, safety and efficiency of treatment of water or effluents. Water desalination is one of the major applications of this technology around the world. Several researches have been performed to develop and

This work discusses the applicability of the DSPM with dielectric exclusion (DSPM-DE) to describe nitrate rejection of a high rejection nanofiltration membrane (NF90 from Dow-Filmtec). In particular, the limitations of the application of the model to relatively high feed concentration and different

Photovoltaic powered brackish water reverse osmosis (PV-BWRO) desalination systems have been proved to be a technically and economically mature choice for water supply in isolated communities and islands suffering from lack or poor water quality. However, photovoltaic seawater reverse osmosis (PV-SW

A hybrid process, consisting of ozonation and membrane filtration, followed by activated carbon filtration, was studied in demonstration scale for the drinking and service water production from surface water in Thailand. The main focus of this study centred on the evaluation of the entire process, e

Tunisia is a semi arid country; the shortage of good water quality in particular at the south regions forced the government to desalt brackish water via membrane technology such as RO to supply these regions with potable water. Station of Djerba Isle established in 2000 by SONEDE has a nominal capac

A passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) system was fabricated based on a sulfonated polyimide–silica nanocomposite (SPI–SiO2-1) membrane with high proton conductivity, low methanol (MeOH) permeability, and thin thickness compared to Nafion 117 as a reference sample. The electrochemical performanc

Environmental impact assessment will soon become a compulsory phase in future potable water production projects, especially when alternative treatment processes such as desalination are considered. An impact assessment tool is therefore developed for the environmental evaluation of potable water pro

The design of reverse osmosis and nano filtration plants is essentially influenced not only by the module arrangement, but also by the arrangement of the pressure vessel connections. Multifarious design possibilities can be considered as a result of many improvements introduced over the last few yea