Advanced treatment

In this study, a laboratory-scale membrane distillation (MD) system was developed for advanced treatment of biologically treated coking wastewater (BTCW), while the effect of pre-coagulation was also investigated. Results showed that membrane distillation could effectively reject the salts (N99.1%)

A key element in the Aquarec project is the development of a water treatment matrix in which wastewater treatment process schemes are categorized as a function of the raw wastewater quality and the reuse application. Starting point is the definition of reuse applications; municipal wastewater can be

During the past few years, Kuwait has been encouraging the development of alternative water resources. This stems from the fact that the available natural water resources are scarce, and water demands are growing due to increasing population growth. A potential alternative water resource which may r

Partial nitrification is required before transporting secondary treated wastewater by pipe, which is common in most schemes of wastewater reclamation for irrigation. Sulfide, generated in the anaerobic conditions of the pipe, induces toxicity, corrosion and unpleasant odours. However, a low nitrate