BSA

Premix membrane emulsification (ME) is a specific ME process that combines low energy requirements with high permeate fluxes. Process conditions such as membrane type (polycarbonate, Nylon, polyethersulfone and cellulose mixed esters), transmembrane pressure (1–9 bar), number of emulsification cycle

Multi-photon microscopy, a fluorescence based technique, was used to image in-situ the fouling and cleaning of a 0.22 µm microfiltration membrane fouled by bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin. Imaging of the cleaning was possible for two of the three cleaning regimes used. The free chlorine cleaner b

Membrane-supported liquid–liquid extraction is known as an interesting alternative to conventional extraction. With this technology, both liquid phases do not have to be dispersed, formation of emulsions hardly takes place and phase separation is not necessary. In biotechnology, extraction by means

Characterisation of membranes in order to determine how clean the membranes are is usually determined by (1) comparing the initial and final clean water flux (2) the product flux in the following run, (3) FTIR analysis, (4) streaming potential and (5) contact angles. However, these techniques do not