Calcium

Dairy ultrafiltration permeate (UFP) has been filtered using polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membranes in order to separate potentially valuable calcium and lactose from unwanted monovalent salts. An investigation into both the fouling and separation behaviour has been carried out to gather useful inf

Packed bed of polypyrrole/polystyrene sulfonate (PPy/PSS) electrodeposited porous carbon electrode was prepared and used for continuous water softening from flowing artificial hard water solutions. Careful preparation of the packed bed was performed in order to obtain the greatest possible degree of

Mechanism specificity of ion separations in drinking water is necessary for the study of modeling transfer of calcium salt through nanofiltration membrane. In the present work, we have investigated a mathematical model which can specify the transfer phenomena of solute through a nanofiltration membr

The separation performances of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) by electrodialysis (ED) were compared using a constant voltage mode of operation. For the batch tests, TS-1-10 ED equipment was employed. During the experimental studies, the effects of electrical potential applied and flow rate of streams