Chlorine

When chemical disinfection is applied before or after desalination systems, compounds may be formed that pose potential risks to the health of human and aquatic organisms or impact aesthetic quality of drinking water. The formation and speciation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in desalination sy

The use of ultrafiltration (UF) is receiving more attention for drinking water treatment, but its fouling remains a problem. Reservoir water was selected as raw water during pilot study. Worldwide drinking water reservoirs may contain algae, which pose a threat to drinking water treatment. UF membra

Seawater desalination facilities range from heavy coastal industry to small local plants, with the majority being either thermal multi-stage flash (MSF) or membrane-based reverse osmosis (RO) plants. Irrespective of the process, pretreatment chemicals are added to the intake water to improve plant p