Chromium removal

The simultaneous recovery of trivalent and tetravalent chromium ions through charged ion-exchange membranes by using three detachable cells was tested at different current densities. The effect of mono- and divalent valence ions corresponding to trivalent and hexavalent chromium ions in the feed pha

The transport of a trivalent chromium ion through charged polysulfonated cation-exchange membranes in the presence of metals of different valences under Donnan dialysis conditions was studied as a function of pH gradient at 25°C. The recovery factor (RF) values of chromium ion were obtained, and it

In the chromium tanning process leather consumes 60–80% of the applied chromium salt and the rest is usually discharged into sewage without adequate treatment, causing serious environmental impact. Chemical analysis of the spent chromium effluents from two local medium-size tannery shops indicated t