Constructed wetland

Water content profoundly affects the efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetlands. Detailed vertical water content profiles could help to improve our understanding of the behaviour of these systems. In this study we tested a capacitance probe to measure water content in a vertical flow construct

The results are presented of a 2-year monitoring of the performance of a hybrid constructed wetland (CW), which was created for the treatment of very heterogeneous industrial wastewater (WW) in Slovenia. WW originated from the food-processing department responsible for the production of wine and app

Landfill leachate is an important pollution factor resulting from municipal landfill sites. Due to low biodegradability, high nitrogen content and other possible toxic components of the leachate, the co-treatment of leachate on conventional municipal wastewater (WW) treatment plants is undesirable.

Cattails and reeds are the most common plants in constructed and semi-natural wetlands for wastewater treatment, and can play an important role in both nutrient and heavy metal retention. On the other hand, both plants are highly valued in ecologically oriented construction. The aim of this chapter

This study was conducted to (1) determine appropriate conditions for nitrogen removal by a combined constructed wetland (CW) system and (2) evaluate the effects of hydraulic loading rate (HLR), nitrogen loading rate (NLR), effluent recirculation, plant uptake, and seasonal change on the removal effi

In this study, the performance of a combined subsurface vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetlands system, designed for rural domestic wastewaters treatment and with theoretical hydraulic retention time of 2 d and 3.6 d, respectively, was investigated. Several water quality parameters includi