Cost analysis

Integration of renewable energy with desalination technologies is a strongly emerging field in many regions of the world having drinking water and energy crisis. This study presents the results of a techno-economical investigation of a small scale, photovoltaic (PV) powered hybrid nanofiltration (NF)

Solar still desalination systems offer sustainable tools for fresh water production. However, their widespread application is often hindered by their relatively low production rates compared to other desalination methods. In this study, a simple amendment, in the form of a slowly-rotating hollow cyl

Most of chemical reactions have — as a final result — a large mixture of end products out of which the main one represents a small rate when compared with secondary products. One of these reactions results in a mixture of products that takes place in the process obtaining ethylene amines. The reacti

The hybrid process of seawater desalting couples the reverse osmosis with the multi-stage flash process. The hybrid process is usually planned to improve the performance of MSF and reduce the cost of desalted water. Most of the studies on these plants refer to the parameters (both technical and econ

Rajasthan, the largest state of the India faces a grim scenario in relation to water availability resources. Rajasthan has two-third of its area as desert and it faces scanty rainfall, recurring droughts in 3–4 years in a cycle of 5 years. It would be seen from the present status of drinking water d

Libyan national plan (LNP) to resolve the water shortage problem will be illustrated through a quartet of a series of papers. The first series of papers (I) will deal with Great Man-Made River (GMMR) supplied from rich ground water reservoirs located in the southern desert regions. This paper (Ib) w