Cost estimation

• A zero discharge process was proposed to recover acid, base and glyphosate. • A cost assessment of the recovery of glyphosate is presented. • Membrane technology is environmentally friendly to treat the glyphosate liquor. A hybrid membrane process composed of NF and RO can be used to treat the gly

Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination is rising as an alternative solution for the water shortage problem which is more severe than before. In this study, a package of process models was developed and tested by four-year SWRO plant operation data obtained from Fujairah in UAE, as a tool not o

Red wine contains many compounds which have a beneficial effect on human health. The aims of this study were to concentrate the valuable components of wine by nanofiltration, to describe the mathematical model of the permeate flux and to estimate the cost of the process. Laboratory-size equipment wi

Currently it is very important that good-quality products are produced at an adequate price. In the case of instant coffee there are several production technologies. Some of these technologies do not provide good quality, and others — while the quality of the product is good — the cost is too high a

An optimization of the electrodialysis process and an estimation of its costs by the analysis of experimental results of model natrium chloride solutions was compared to the optimization and cost estimation made by using the convective-diffusion hydrodynamic model. A NaCl 0.02 M solution was desalin

Electrodialysis (ED) is applied in Japan for seawater concentrating to ca. TDS 200 followed by thermal concentration and salt crystallization. A partially desalinated water (ED diluate) is obtained at the same time. Its further desalination for potable water production may be considered to decrease

The share of electrodialysis in seawater desalination is very small in contrast to reverse osmosis. It is stated that ED may compete with RO in the range of feed water salinity up to 8–10 g/L only because ED desalination cost is proportional to the amount of salt, which must be carried through the m