Costs

The chloride concentration of a hazardous leachate of approximately 22,000 mg/l is too high for the direct discharge requirement of less than 1000 mg/l into the municipal sewerage system. Electrodialysis (ED) was selected amongst various other alternative technologies for the desalination/concentrat

EU Directive 98/83, which aims at achieving beneficial effects in the quality of water and in public health, has set standards for water intended for human consumption, monitoring requirements of the new standards, and strategies to take remedial action to address failures. The incorporation of the

Wastewater is considered a major resource of the water budget in many countries around the world. This has necessitated the expansion of the applications in the industrial sector. This paper presents a feasibility study for 10,000 m3/d wastewater and seawater desalination plants in the UAE. The desa

In July 1997 the Spanish Government awarded the construction of the Las Palmas–Telde Desalination Plant to DETELCA U.T.E. The project consists mainly of replacing the existing Las Palmas I desalination plant of the MSF type with two advanced low temperature multi-effect distillation (LT-MED) seawate