Developing countries

It is generally accepted that scientific research offers a tool for meeting the development demands in the area of water and sanitation. It is stressed by the authors that research should be performed by researchers in the countries most affected, on topics identified by these researchers and in the

With over 1 billion people without access to clean water and over 1.4 billion people without access to modern energy services [Alliance for Rural Electrification Web Site, April 2008; www.ruralelec.org], renewable energy (RE) technologies can play an important role in meeting the needs of these peop

Interesting prospects of a urine-based product exist as a fertilizer in agricultural applications in developing countries. However, removal of pharmaceutical residues is essential to prevent long-term environmental hazards. In this paper, the perspectives of urine collection and treatment are discus

Researches aiming at assessing the potentials of vertical-flow constructed wetlands vegetated with Echinochloa pyramidalis as technically feasible approach for sludge dewatering were conducted at yard-scale experimental plant in Yaounde (Cameroon). The performances of the system and the quality of t

Although current microbial risk assessment models assume that microorganisms are randomly dispersed within drinking water samples, experimental findings indicate that ‘clumping’ or clustering of microorganisms is possible. Research results indicate clustering is positively correlated with turbidity.

One of the most critical problems in developing countries is the lack of drinking water. People in these regions are supplied with surface water, which contains a significant amount of microorganisms that can cause several diseases. In fact, one of the main causes of infantile mortality is the high