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• Review of processes for desalination by freeze concentration • Developments in freeze concentration methodologies in food, wastewater and desalination industries • RO-freeze desalination hybrid process In this paper the freeze concentration process and its characteristics have been described. Even

Cation conductive membranes, especially highly proton conductive membranes, are of interest not only for chlor-alkali electrolysis but for polymer electrolyte fuel cells as well. The very challenge for electrochemical characterization in this case is the low specific resistance of the polymer requir

In this paper, the application of the direct steam generation into a solar parabolic trough collector to multieffect distillation is proposed and economically evaluated. The thermal fluid of the solar field is pure water, which boils as circulating along the solar collectors. The steam generated dri