Direct contact membrane distillation

• Balancing leads to 50% higher GOR than equal inlet flow rates in DCMD. • DCMD balancing achieved by setting heat capacity rate ratio to one at end • Proposed method deviates by about 5% from absolute maximum GOR at high salinity. • Real-time balancing most useful for variations in inlet salinity 1.

• Electrospun membranes show good potential for membrane distillation. • Heat-press treatment can improve the properties of electrospun membrane. • Heat-press conditions are comprehensively studied here. • Heat-press temperature and duration play more important roles in heat-press. 0.21 Porosity (%)

We demonstrate the immobilization of graphene oxide on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane surface for desalination via direct contact membrane distillation. The graphene oxide immobilized membrane significantly enhanced the overall permeate flux with complete salt rejection, and the flux reached as

• A simplified membrane distillation coefficient calculation method is validated. • A stepwise modeling approach is shown to accurately model large-scale DCMD membrane modules. • A new spacer modeling method accounts for woven spacers with complex geometries. • Distribution of water flux, temperature a

In this paper, we focused our work on the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) capability to treat hypersaline solution. The governing operative model for mass transfer was investigated. The measured flux has been well predicted by the Knudsen-molecular mechanism model. The effects on the DCMD

An energy-efficient design strategy for networking membrane modules and heat exchangers in membrane distillation (MD) process was developed in this work. A numerical simulation model was used to describe heat and mass transfer in direct contact type MD membrane module. Mass transfer coefficients were

The direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) applied for the concentration of the primary reverse osmosis (PRO) retentate was presented in the paper. All the experiments were carried out using the self-made hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. The DCMD process (permeate flux and

This work aims to provide a detailed analysis of the heat transfer in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The influence of mass transfer on heat transfer flux was identified in the feed thermal boundary layer, across the membrane and through the permeate thermal boundary layer. A mathematic