Flux decline

Membrane methods, including MF, UF and NF, belong to high-efficiency processes which can be competitive with traditional methods of water treatment. However, their efficiency can be affected by some parameters such as rejection and permeate flux. In this work, three membrane processes (MF, UF and NF

The removal of particulate matter and dissolved organic matter from seawater by the use of biofiltration was investigated. Granular activated carbon (GAC) and anthracite were used as biofilter media at two different filtration velocities. Filtrate quality was measured in terms of silt density index

The aim of this work was to compare the data on flux decline with time obtained with ultrafiltration experiments of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) performed under different experimental conditions (transmembrane pressures and crossflow velocities) and the theoretical predictions for these experimental

A semi-empirical crossflow ultrafiltration (UF) model that can predict permeate flux as a function of time for different operating conditions was considered. Model predictions were analysed and compared with the experimental results obtained in a crossflow UF plant under different operating conditio

In this work a non-steady state model for cross flow ultrafiltration was tested and the results estimated by the model were compared with those experimentally obtained. Crossflow ultrafiltration experiments were performed in a pilot plant using tubular ZrO2-TiO2 ceramic membranes with a MWCO of 15 k

Two natural source waters containing natural organic matter (NOM) with different physical and chemical characteristics were dead-end filtered using five types of membranes having different material and geometric properties. In this study retained dissolved organic carbon (DOC) per unit membrane area

This paper presents an investigation on the removal of hardness by using a crossflow membrane reactor. Lime soda (LS) and caustic soda (CS) were added to hard water as softening chemical agents. The effect of the LS–CS dosage, specific cake resistances (") and transmembrane pressure drop ()P) on ste

One of the major drawbacks for the introduction of membrane technology is the possible occurrence of fouling. Especially in newer processes such as nanofiltration, understanding of the mechanisms of flux decline and fouling is limited. Water fluxes obtained with nanofiltration of pure water are usua

Wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM) was isolated into different fractions including colloids, and hydrophobic (HPO) and transphilic (TPI) fractions. The EfOM isolates were characterized by different techniques, for example, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with on-line UVA and DOC detectors