Membrane structure

The forward osmosis (FO) process potentially can be used as an alternative to traditional brine treatment technologies due to its low energy requirement. In this study, the feasibility of concentration of brine by the FO process was investigated using a laboratory-scale unit. An FO membrane and the

Aqueous dispersions of siloxane-urethane copolymers (polysiloxaneurethanes) containing 0–49% of siloxane moieties were synthesized by the modified prepolymer-ionomer method. The properties of the dispersions were determined. Dense membranes were prepared from those dispersions by crosslinking with a

Apart from their stability in various operating conditions, the two main properties of ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are the conductivity and selectivity, but both are difficult to obtain simultaneously at high values. This presentation deals with different ways of measurements, including specific c