Monitoring

Extensive effort through point source controls, such as the construction of wastewater treatment plants, has been continuously made not only to improve the water quality but also to protect the water resources since 1990 in the Han River basin, Korea. However, it is difficult to maintain biochemical

Diffuse nitrogen pollution caused by irrigated agriculture is quantified for the Pocochay stream located in the Aconcagua watershed in the Valparaíso region, Chile. The study area has an extent of 93 km2 with 36 km2 under irrigation. It is representative for the central part of Chile where intensive

A combination of non-parametric explanatory procedures and pattern recognition techniques is introduced in this study as an alternative tool to the assessment of sedimentary P fractionation. The complex raw data matrix was treated with a series of parametric and non-parametric techniques such as cor

In the present study, the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the potable water in the prefecture of Kozani are studied, according to the results of the analysis carried out in the Environmental Centre Laboratory, during 2002–2005. According to the Greek Legislation and the EU Dir

EU Directive 98/83, which aims at achieving beneficial effects in the quality of water and in public health, has set standards for water intended for human consumption, monitoring requirements of the new standards, and strategies to take remedial action to address failures. The incorporation of the

RO plant operators, end-users, membrane manufacturers and system suppliers have been facing two major problems since the advent of commercial membrane technology applications for water desalination utilizing reverse osmosis (RO) and other membrane processes: how to reliably monitor their membrane sy

For more than 2 years, the extension of the Méry-sur-Oise plant has been producing water from the river Oise, using nanofiltration technology for a production capacity of 140,000 m3/d, a world premiere on surface water. After presenting the reasons for the nanofiltration choice and the treatment pro

When using NF/RO membranes in large-scale (drinking) water applications a stable operation of the installation is required to minimize costs. Fouling of membranes will cause an increase in costs due to an increased energy demand, additional labor and costs for cleaning and a shorter lifetime of the