Nitrification

A three-stage submerged MBR was operated under a prolonged SRT condition—more than 800 days—to treat high strength industrial wastewater. Throughout the entire experiment, chemical and biological effects on sludge production and nitrification/denitrification were investigated. The trend of MLSS grow

The bulk of research, development, and application of constructed wetland systems (CWSs) have taken place in the past 20 years. There are now thousands of these systems being used in Europe. Many are used for individual houses or small groups of houses, but the most common use is for treating the do

In this work, modelling of a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) system for municipal wastewater treatment is evaluated using ASM1 and ASM3 models. Dynamic data (and pseudo steady state) collected in an aerobic SMBR working at high sludge retention time (SRT) are considered. Work is focused on susp

The city of Malgara in the municipality of Aksios, in northern Greece, relies on local groundwater for the municipal water supply. The groundwater has pH 7.9 and contains elevated concentrations of arsenic (20 µg/L), phosphate (550 µg/L), manganese (235 µg/L) and ammonium (1.2 mg/L), whereas the iro

A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) type of hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor (HF-MBfR) using composite membranes was investigated for the nitrogen removal in synthetic wastewater. The CSTR-type of HF-MBfR process couples autotrophic biological nitrogen removal reactors with the bubbleless

Autotrophic nitrifiers and heterotrophic bacteria are all oxygen-consuming bacteria. In conventional active sludge, nitrification activities decrease dramatically with increasing COD and ammonia loading rate, as the presence of a large amount of carbonaceous substrates often prevents oxygen being us

A flat type membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a pore size of 0.038 μm and having a total surface area of 540 m2 was operated intermittently for over a year in METU campus at Ankara to treat domestic effluents from dormitories and academic village. At the first stage the MBR plant was operated continuou

Landfill leachate from a composting field of a Finnish municipal waste landfill was treated with sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) fed batchwise. The average quality of the leachate was 475 mg/l suspended solids, 1240 mg/l BOD7, 10 mg/l phosphorus, and 210 mg/l