Polarization

A good shortcut design method of tubular membrane modules provides a more accurate estimate of the size or area of the module required for a given separation duty and hence its cost. A previous shortcut design method based on the cross-flow nature of the membrane developed by the author considered o

Ultrafiltration has been investigated for the concentration of diluted biopolymer solutions. Trials were realized with membranes of different molecular weight cut off (MWCO) and configuration modules. Results indicates that hollow fiber module gives the best results with the membrane of 6 kilodalton

Electrodialysis uses ion-exchange membranes to reduce the ionic content of water by applying an electrical field. An electrodialysis reversal (EDR) plant with two electrical stages, each with three hydraulic stages, was characterized over two ranges of salinity by desalting standard aqueous solution