Post-treatment

• Electrospun membranes show good potential for membrane distillation. • Heat-press treatment can improve the properties of electrospun membrane. • Heat-press conditions are comprehensively studied here. • Heat-press temperature and duration play more important roles in heat-press. 0.21 Porosity (%)

¸ Three pilot-scale constructed wetland (CW) units were built in an area near to Pasaköy Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant (PWWTP) in Istanbul in 2002. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of constructed wetland systems in the removal of organic matter from tertiary e

In 2010 desalinated water is expected to provide approximately 25% of Israel’s fresh water supply. Since desalination is cost-effective only if operated constantly, areas adjacent to the desalination plants may receive unblended desalinated water for prolonged times while other sources are added onl

In this study, a stage-2 spiral-wound nanofiltration (NF) system was used to further treat the permeate produced by a stage-1 tubular NF employed for treatment of dyestuff wastewater. Pilot-scale experiments were carried out to select the appropriate commercial NF membranes by investigating the TOC

In the seawater desalination field, the WHO requires that boron concentration in drinking water be below 0.5 mg/l, and this requirement has affected SWRO process design because of the difficulty in achieving such a low boron concentration. In order to overcome this problem, a new SWRO membrane eleme