Pre-treatment

In this study, a bench scale forward osmosis (FO) process was operated using two commonly available FO membranes in different orientations in order to examine the removal of foulants in the coal seam gas (CSG) associated water, the water flux and fouling behaviours of the process were also investigat

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate a combined ozone and microfiltration (MF) membrane process as pre-treatment of a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) system. During the filtration of seawater (SW) with the MF membranes, membrane fouling on both hydrophilic (PHI) and hydrophobic (PHO) MF mem

The influence of a coagulant type and operating parameters on crossflow microfiltration of aqueous dispersions of titanium dioxide was examined. Two types of coagulant for series of crossflow microfiltration experiments were used: inorganic * Al2(SO4)3 and organic * PRAESTOL. The experiments were ca

Ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) are theoretically the best pre-treatment upstream reverse osmosis, removing from the feed water most of the potential elements responsible of desalinating membranes fouling such as particles, turbidity, bacteria and large molecular weight organic maters.

The Calembo Company (seafood conditioning, Sfax, Tunisia) uses 50 m3/d of drilling water per ton of fish to condition cuttlefish before freezing. The water used is characterised by its high degree of hardness, high sulphate concentration and salinity (67 g.l!1). Consequently, generated effluents con

Although pre-treatment of membranes is often used to ensure the reliability of experimental data, it also has the potential to improve many aspects of membrane performance. This study investigates the influence of chemical pre-treatment and wetting on membrane flux and retention. The results show th

Pre-treatment of seawater feeding reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is a key step in designing desalination plants. The pre-treatment process must be adapted to the seawater quality to be treated (wells, open intake, etc.), especially when treating surface seawater with highly variable quality. After a

There are eutrophic waters on the west side of Algeria that contain pathogens like Cryptosporidium and Gardia as well as Algae. Specific pre-treatment and clarification systems have to be utilised prior to treatment with membrane systems. The paper describes the clarification process that has been s