Process intensification

A model of microbial membrane bioreactor with convective flow through the membrane is presented in the paper. Permeability coefficients hi in reference to microbial cells, substrates and possible reaction products as well as intensification coefficient Ψ which is a hydrodynamic parameter very signif

This paper presents an investigation on the removal of hardness by using a crossflow membrane reactor. Lime soda (LS) and caustic soda (CS) were added to hard water as softening chemical agents. The effect of the LS–CS dosage, specific cake resistances (") and transmembrane pressure drop ()P) on ste

Reverse osmosis is widely applied to water desalination because of the relatively low cost of the process. Besides the well defined role that this technology plays in the desalination scenario, in the last years, from all over the world, demand for lower costs and higher quality of water has been ad