RO

In this paper design and analysis of energy, exergy, economic and the environmental impacts (4E) of direct twostage reverse osmosis (RO) system have been optimized for supplying Miarkelar water, north of Iran using multiobjective optimization. In this city, water has been provided for a period of 20

Membrane separation processes have become an emerging technology for the treatment of oily wastewater due to high oil removal efficiency and relatively facile operational process. This review will highlight the recent development of advanced membrane technology such as surface modification, addition o

Crystallisation processes are well understood from the thermodynamic point of view. But all desalination processes, such as reverse osmosis, are kinetically limited, and thus the kinetics of the crystallisation is of particular interest. The kinetics of scale formation, especially together with impu

Water shortage has become a global issue and not only a problem relevant to arid zones. In the past decade desalination of sea and brackish water has been found to be a technically and economically acceptable solution for water shortage. More recently, desalination of wastewater effluents has also b

This study considers the feasibility of hybridization of existing co-generation plant with reverse osmosis and aquifer storage. This hybrid system is characterized by the following technological, economic and strategic advantages: (1) increased range of variation of power to water ratio; (2) possibi

Baja California Sur (BCS) is an arid sparsely populated coastal state in northwest Mexico. Population growth, agriculture and booming tourism have lead to severe overexploitation of underground aquifers and saline intrusion. This paper reviews the current water and energy situation in BCS. The state

Industries including a fermentation step use large volumes of water to dilute their musts. In beet alcohol distilleries, this water is recovered as condensates during stillage concentration. Because of their high organic content, these condensates cannot be discharged without a treatment. The elimin

Membrane scaling is caused by the deposition of unsoluble salts as feedwater converted to brine, affectting the operation of seawater RO plants. Membrane scaling at the Dalian RO desalination plant was analyzed using Dalian seawater. Based on the characteristics of Dalian seawater, a new environment

Management of hazardous wastes, such as arsenic, is one of major public concern. Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid, which is widely distributed in nature. Recently, arsenic in drinking water attracted attention because some of the drinking water resources contain considerable concentrations

Kindasa Water Services (KWS) currently operates an RO facility at Jeddah Port on the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia, using conventional pre-treatment, to provide a 14 mld output. Due to an increasing requirement for treated water services, a contract has recently been placed with Weir Westgarth for a new d