Reed beds

The purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of a reed bed sludge treatment system in Italy after 1 year of operation in two urban wastewater treatment plants, where Phragmites australis was planted directly in emergency beds rearranged for the project. To evaluate the process of stab

Constructed wetlands have been increasingly used throughout the world for secondary and especially for tertiary treatment of wastewater and stormwater. If well designed and maintained, their effluents can meet the high standards required for reclaiming the water. One can also partially reclaim nutri

One of the main problems in adopting extensive treatment for wastewater purification in hot climate countries, when also the effluent reuse is aimed, is the high evapotranspiration rate. This factor can play a key role in reducing the water output, a desirable effect in some cases but completely adv