Reverse osmosis concentrate

The present work is aimed at development of a new approach to reduce RO concentrate flow and to increase recovery. To increase recovery values, a new process is developed that use continuous crystallization of calcium carbonate at a constant supersaturation level provided by a constant raise of reten

Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) produced in water reclamation and desalination plants can endanger the environment if it is not treated before discharge. Volume minimisation of ROC can help in its easy disposal. The study examined the use of forward osmosis (FO) with and without granular activated

In this study, a dual-layer hollow fiber nanofiltration (NF) membrane was fabricated with an inner layer of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), and an outer layer of cellulose diacetate (CA) via non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS). The intermediate-tr