Simulation

• We review recent progress in the computational study of graphene as an RO membrane. • We introduce graphene and current knowledge about its mass transport properties. • We examine six key mechanisms that govern salt rejection in graphene. • Molecular dynamics have played a dominant role in the stu

Salinity gradient power (SGP) is based on the chemical potential difference between concentrated and dilute salt solutions. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) can thus be used to produce electricity by a SGP–RED unit. In principle, a highly concentrated solution can be recovered from a seawater desalinat

Based on experimental data, a simulation and optimisation of the adsorption Á microfiltration (AMF) process for boron removal from reverse osmosis (RO) permeate was done. An impressively low flow rate of the dry boron adsorbent of about only 54.3 kg h(1 is needed in the adsorbent recirculation loop

The release of non-condensable (NC) gases, essentially carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen, from the evaporating brine in desalination distillers notably affects the heat transfer for condensation, the energy consumption, the performance and the material life span of the distillers. A better knowled

Design and operating characteristics are analyzed for two pilot scale reverse osmosis plants. The first plant is installed in Sharjah to desalinate brackish water for a small community. The second plant is installed in Qatar to test the feasibility of desalting high-salinity seawater for irrigation

Polyaluminium chloride (coagulant) is a very complex compound. The change in the ratio HCO3/CO2 during coagulation cause a change in pH in the subsequent RO unit (because CO2 is not rejected by the RO membrane), and it was found that this change is constant for any given recovery, e.g. at 75% recove

Electric energy consumption in the arid Saharan regions is continuingly increasing due to increasing urbanization. Photovoltaic solar energy may be a suitable form of alternative electric energy production due to the abundance of solar energy in this region. In this paper we are presenting the gener

Nowadays, in dry and rural areas, solar-powered membrane distillation (SPMD) technology is considered a feasible means for the production of pure water from brackish water. Prior to the design and construction of a SPMD pilot plant, there is a need to predict its performance theoretically by means o

A model was developed to describe the desalination process of an aqueous solution consisting of a salt and a neutral solute using electrodialysis (ED). Under the assumption of plug flow in compartments, the ED process was analyzed in two-dimensional directions of the electric field and flow to get t

The paper describes the work carried out in the development of a small wind-powered desalination plant. An alternative control system was studied to serve as a direct interphase between a reverse osmosis desalination plant and a small wind energy conversion system. The main purpose was to reduce or